Umbral crítico de administración en pacientes con trauma severo y reanimación endovascular: ¿Un concepto útil? / Critical Administration Threshold in severe trauma patients and endovascular resuscitation: A useful concept?

Introducción. Se describe la utilidad del umbral crítico de administración (CAT por su denominación en inglés) como herramienta para la reanimación hemostática en pacientes con trauma severo y oclusión endovascular aórtica. Métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes adultos con hemorragia por trauma, con o sin oclusión endovascular aórtica (REBOA), atendidos entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2020, en un centro de trauma nivel I en Cali, Colombia. Se registraron variables demográficas, severidad del trauma, estado clínico, requerimiento transfusional, tiempo hasta CAT+ y CAT alcanzado (1, 2 ó 3). Resultados. Se incluyeron 93 pacientes, se utilizó REBOA en 36 y manejo tradicional en 57. El grupo REBOA presentó mayor volumen de sangrado (mediana de 3000 ml, RIC: 1950-3625 ml) frente al grupo control (mediana de1500 ml, RIC: 700-2975ml) (p<0,001) y mayor cantidad de glóbulos rojos transfundidos en las primeras 6 horas (mediana de 5, RIC:4-9); p=0,015 y en las primeras 24 horas (mediana de 6, RIC: 4-11); p=0,005. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en número de pacientes CAT+ entre grupos o tiempo hasta alcanzarlo. Sin embargo, el estado CAT+ durante los primeros 30 minutos de la cirugía fue mayor en grupo REBOA (24/36, 66,7 %) frente al grupo control (17/57, 29,8 %; p=0,001), teniendo este mayor tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria frente a los pacientes CAT-. Conclusión. El umbral crítico de administración es una herramienta útil en la reanimación hemostática de pacientes con trauma y REBOA, que podría predecir mortalidad precoz.

Introduction. The objective is to describe the utility of the Critical Administration Threshold (CAT) as a tool in hemostatic resuscitation in patients with severe trauma and REBOA. Methods. Retrospective review between January 2015 and June 2020 of adult patients with hemorrhage secondary to trauma with or without REBOA in a level I trauma center in Cali, Colombia. Demographic variables, trauma severity, clinical status, transfusion needs, time to CAT+ and number of CAT achieved (1, 2 or 3) were recorded. Results. Ninety-three patients were included, in which REBOA was used in 36 and traditional management in 57. The REBOA group had a higher bleeding volume (3000 ml), IQR: 1950-3625 ml vs the control group (1500 ml, IQR: 700-2975 ml) (p<0.001) and a higher rate of PRBC units transfused in the first 6 hours (median 5, IQR: 4-9); p=0.015 and in the first 24 hours (median 6, IQR: 4-11); p=0.005. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of CAT+ patients between groups or time to CAT+. However, CAT+ status during the first 30 minutes of surgery was higher in the REBOA Group (24/36, 66.7%) vs. the control group (17/57, 29.8%; p=0.001), having this group a higher in-hospital mortality rate vs. CAT- patients. Conclusion. CAT is a useful tool in the hemostatic resuscitation of patients with trauma and REBOA that could predict early mortality.

Intra-abdominal aortic balloon occlusion in the management of placenta percreta / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Massive bleeding is the main concern for the management of placenta percreta (PP). Intra-abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (IABO) is one method for pelvic devascularization, but the efficacy of IABO is uncertain. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of IABO in PP patients.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of PP cases from six tertiary centers in China between January 2011 and December 2015. PP cases with/without the use of IABO were analyzed. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to reduce the effect of selection bias. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and the rate of hysterectomy, as well as neonatal outcomes, were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#One hundred and thirty-two matched pairs of patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, maternal outcomes, including PPH (68.9% vs. 87.9%, χ2 = 13.984, P < 0.001), hysterectomy (8.3% vs. 65.2%, χ2 = 91.672, P < 0.001), and repeated surgery (1.5% vs. 12.1%, χ2 = 11.686, P = 0.001) were significantly reduced in the IABO group. For neonatal outcomes, Apgar scores at 1 minute (8.67 ± 1.79 vs. 8.53 ± 1.68, t = -0.638, P = 0.947) and 5 minutes (9.43 ± 1.55 vs. 9.53 ± 1.26, t = 0.566, P = 0.293) were not significantly different between the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#IABO can significantly reduce blood loss, hysterectomies, and repeated surgeries. This procedure has not shown harmful effects on neonatal outcomes.

Manifestações oftalmológicas em paciente com aneurisma gigante de carótida interna / Ophthalmological manifestation in patient with gigantic aneurysm of the internal carotid

RESUMO Os aneurismas intracranianos são dilatações em segmentos arteriais que irrigam o sistema nervoso central. Acometem 2% da população e as alterações oftalmológicas podem ser as primeiras manifestações do quadro. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever um caso de aneurisma de artéria carótida interna que cursou com restrição da movimentação ocular, alteração do reflexo fotomotor, ptose palpebral, dor facial e cervical. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela identificação do aneurisma por meio do exame de angiografia cerebral. Foi realizado teste de oclusão por balão, cujo resultado positivo possibilitou a oclusão total da artéria carótida interna por meio de ligadura cirúrgica, procedimento este realizado com sucesso.

ABSTRACT Intracranial aneurysms are dilations in segments of the arteries that irrigate the central nervous system. They affect 2% of the population and the ophthalmologic disorders may be the first evidence in the clinical examination. The aim of the report is to describe a case of an internal carotid artery aneurysm that showed restrictions of ocular movements, change of pupillary light reflex, palpebral ptosis, facial, and cervical pain. This diagnosis was confirmed by the identification of the aneurysm through angiography. A balloon occlusion test was performed, and its positive result made a complete occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery possible through surgery ligation, procedure that was successful.

Implementación de balón de resucitación aórtico endovascular (REBOA) para el control de hemorragia no compresible de torso / Implementation of the resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) for the control of non-compressible torso hemorrhage

Resumen Introducción: La hemorragia no compresible de torso, actualmente tiene una alta morbimortalidad aún en los centros de referencia más especializados. El REBOA es una herramienta emergente que se utiliza como control hemostático precoz en este tipo de pacientes. Caso Clínico: Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 25 años que sufre un trauma pélvico grave tras caer de altura. Ingresa hemodinámicamente inestable por lo cual se activa protocolo de transfusión masiva y realiza acceso arterial femoral común derecho. Al presentar una respuesta transitoria a la reanimación, se instala balón de REBOA en zona 3, logrando aumentar presión sistólica hasta 130 mmHg, trasladando posteriormente a quirófano. Se realiza packing pélvico preperitoneal y fijación externa, desinflando el balón después de 29 min en zona 3. La paciente sale a unidad de cuidados intensivos sin drogas vasoactivas, para completar cirugía a las 48 h y fijación definitiva 6 días después. La paciente evoluciona en buenas condiciones generales.

Introduction: Non-compressible torso hemorrhage currently has a high morbidity and mortality even in the most specialized referral centers. REBOA is an emerging tool that is used as early hemostatic control in this type of patient. Clinical Case: We present the case of a 25-year-old female patient who suffers severe pelvic trauma after falling from a height. He was admitted hemodynamically unstable, for which a massive transfusion protocol was activated and a right common femoral arterial access was performed. After presenting a transient response to resuscitation, a REBOA balloon was installed in zone 3, increasing systolic pressure up to 130 mmHg, later transferring to the operating room. Preperitoneal pelvic packing and external fixation were performed, deflating the balloon after 29 minutes in zone 3. The patient left the intensive care unit without vasoactive drugs, to complete surgery 48 hours later and definitive fixation 6 days later. The patient evolves in good general condition.

Buscando el punto crítico de presión arterial sistólica para la oclusión endovascular de la aorta: Análisis mundial de los registros REBOA / Finding the optimal critical threshold value of systolic blood pressure for endovascular aortic occlusion: A worldwide analysis of REBOA databases

Introducción. La presión arterial sistólica puede ser un factor determinante para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de pacientes con trauma severo y hemorragia no compresible del torso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el punto óptimo de presión arterial sistólica previo a la oclusión endovascular de aorta asociado con la mortalidad a las 24 horas. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis combinado de dos bases de datos de registro de REBOA, ABO-Trauma Registry y AAST-AORTA, que incluye pacientes de Norte América, Suramérica, Europa, Asia y África. Pacientes sin efecto hemodinámico con el uso del REBOA fueron excluidos. Se describieron las características demográficas, clínicas y de la colocación del REBOA en los pacientes que fallecieron en las primeras 24 horas. Se analizó la asociación entre la presión arterial sistólica previa a la oclusión aortica y la mortalidad a través de modelos de regresión logística y se evaluó el poder predictivo de la presión arterial sistólica en un intervalo entre 60 y 90 mmHg. Resultados. Fueron identificados 871 registros, pero solo 693 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El trauma cerrado se presentó en el 67,2 % de los pacientes y la severidad del trauma tuvo una mediana de ISS de 34 (RIQ: 25-45). La mediana de la presión arterial sistólica previa al REBOA fue de 61 mmHg (RIQ: 46-80). La mortalidad a las 24 horas fue del 34,6 %. La asociación entre la presión arterial sistólica pre-oclusión de la aorta y la mortalidad a las 24 horas tiene una capacidad predictiva de acuerdo con el área bajo la curva ROC para trauma cerrado de 0,64 (IC95% 0,59-0,70) y para trauma penetrante de 0,61 (IC95% 0,53-0,69). Se identificó que la presión arterial sistólica de 70 mmHg se asocia con un aumento por encima del 25 % de la mortalidad a las 24 horas. Discusión. La presión arterial sistólica de 70 mmHg en pacientes con trauma severo y hemorragia no compresible puede ser el punto crítico para la oclusión endovascular de aorta para mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes, sin importar el mecanismo de trauma. Sin embargo, la presión arterial sistólica debe complementarse con otros factores clínicos para tomar la decisión oportuna

Introduction. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) can be a determining factor for decision-making in the management of patients with severe trauma and non-compressible torso bleeding (NTCH). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal SBP threshold value prior to endovascular occlusion of the aorta associated with 24-hour mortality.Methods. A combined analysis of two REBOA registry databases, ABO-Trauma Registry and AAST-AORTA, was performed, which includes patients from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Patients without hemodynamic effect with the use of REBOA were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and REBOA placement characteristics were described in patients who died in the first 24 hours. The association between SBP prior to aortic occlusion and mortality was analyzed using logistic regression models and the predictive power of SBP was evaluated in an interval between 60 and 90 mmHg.Results. 871 records were identified, but only 693 patients met the inclusion criteria. Blunt trauma occurred in 67.2% of the patients and the severity of the trauma had a median ISS of 34 (IQR: 25-45). The median systolic blood pressure prior to REBOA was 61 mmHg (IQR: 46-80). The 24-hour mortality was 34.6%. The association between systolic blood pressure pre-occlusion of the aorta and mortality at 24 hours has a predictive capacity according to the area under the ROC curve for blunt trauma of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.59-0.70) and for penetrating trauma of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53-0.69). A systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg was found to be associated with an increase of over 25% in mortality at 24 hours. Discussion. SBP of 70 mmHg in patients with severe trauma and non-compressible hemorrhage may be the critical point for endovascular aortic occlusion to improve patient survival, regardless of the mechanism of trauma. However, systolic blood pressure must be supplemented with other clinical factors to make the timely decision

Damage control resuscitation: REBOA as the new fourth pillar / Resucitación en control de daños: REBOA, el cuarto pilar

Abstract Damage Control Resuscitation (DCR) seeks to combat metabolic decompensation of the severely injured trauma patient by battling on three major fronts: Permissive Hypotension, Hemostatic Resuscitation, and Damage Control Surgery (DCS). The aim of this article is to perform a review of the history of DCR/DCS and to propose a new paradigm that has emerged from the recent advancements in endovascular technology: The Resuscitative Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA). Thanks to the advances in technology, a bridge has been created between Pre-hospital Management and the Control of Bleeding described in Stage I of DCS which is the inclusion and placement of a REBOA. We have been able to show that REBOA is not only a tool that aids in the control of hemorrhage, it is also a vital tool in the hemodynamic resuscitation of a severely injured blunt and/or penetrating trauma patient. That is why we propose a new paradigm "The Fourth Pillar": Permissive Hypotension, Hemostatic Resuscitation, Damage Control Surgery and REBOA.

Resumen La resucitación en control de daños busca combatir la descompensación metabólica del paciente severamente traumatizado mediante tres ejes: la hipotensión permisiva, la resucitación hemostática y la cirugía de control de daños. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de la historia de la resucitación en control de daños y la cirugía de control de daños proponiendo un nuevo paradigma basado en los recientes avances de la tecnología endovascular. Un puente ha sido creado entre el manejo prehospitalario y el control del sangrado, descrito antes de la etapa I de la cirugía de control de daños, que es la inclusión y colocación de un REBOA. Esta es una herramienta adicional en el control de la hemorragia y de soporte en la resucitación hemodinámica de los pacientes con trauma severo de tipo cerrado y/o penetrante. Por lo que se propone un nuevo paradigma "El cuarto pilar": Hipotensión permisiva, resucitación hemostática, cirugía de control de daños y REBOA.

REBOA as a New Damage Control Component in Hemodynamically Unstable Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage Patients / El REBOA como nuevo actor en el control de daños del paciente hemodinámicamente inestable con hemorragia no compresible del torso

Abstract Noncompressible torso hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. An efficient and appropriate evaluation of the trauma patient with ongoing hemorrhage is essential to avoid the development of the lethal diamond (hypothermia, coagulopathy, hypocalcemia, and acidosis). Currently, the initial management strategies include permissive hypotension, hemostatic resuscitation, and damage control surgery. However, recent advances in technology have opened the doors to a wide variety of endovascular techniques that achieve these goals with minimal morbidity and limited access. An example of such advances has been the introduction of the Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA), which has received great interest among trauma surgeons around the world due to its potential and versatility in areas such as trauma, gynecology & obstetrics and gastroenterology. This article aims to describe the experience earned in the use of REBOA in noncompressible torso hemorrhage patients. Our results show that REBOA can be used as a new component in the damage control resuscitation of the severely injured trauma patient. To this end, we propose two new deployment algorithms for hemodynamically unstable noncompressible torso hemorrhage patients: one for blunt and another for penetrating trauma. We acknowledge that REBOA has its limitations, which include a steep learning curve, its inherent cost and availability. Although to reach the best outcomes with this new technology, it must be used in the right way, by the right surgeon with the right training and to the right patient.

Resumen La hemorragia no compresible del torso es una de las principales causas de muerte prevenibles alrededor del mundo. Una evaluación eficiente y apropiada del paciente traumatizado con hemorragia activa es la esencia para evitar el desarrollo del rombo de la muerte (hipotermia, coagulopatía, hipocalcemia y acidosis). Actualmente, las estrategias de manejo inicial incluyen hipotensión permisiva, resucitación hemostática y cirugía de control de daños. Sin embargo, los recientes avances tecnológicos han abierto las puertas a una amplia variedad de técnicas endovasculares que logran esos objetivos con una morbilidad mínima y un acceso limitado. Un ejemplo de estos avances ha sido la introducción del balón de resucitación de oclusión aortica; REBOA ( Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta , por sus sigla en inglés ), el cual, ha tenido gran provecho entre los cirujanos de trauma alrededor del mundo debido a su potencial y versatilidad en áreas como trauma, ginecología y obstetricia, y gastroenterología. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la experiencia lograda en el uso del REBOA en pacientes con hemorragia no compresible del torso. Nuestros resultados muestran que el REBOA puede usarse como un nuevo actor en la resucitación de control de daños del paciente con trauma severo, para este fin, nosotros proponemos dos nuevos algoritmos para el manejo de pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables: uno para trauma cerrado y otro para trauma penetrante. Se reconoce que el REBOA tiene sus limitaciones, las cuales incluye un periodo de aprendizaje, su costo inherente y la disponibilidad. A pesar de esto, para lograr los mejores resultados con esta nueva tecnología, el REBOA debe ser usado en el momento correcto, por el cirujano correcto con el entrenamiento y el paciente correcto.

O uso potencial do Balão de Oclusão Endovascular da Aorta para Ressuscitação em um hospital brasileiro / The potential use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in a Brazilian hospital

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou analisar o uso potencial Balão de Oclusão Endovascular da Aorta para Ressuscitação (REBOA) em um hospital brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura e uma análise retrospectiva de todas as avaliações cirúrgicas de emergência para pacientes com suspeita de hemorragia maciça internados em um hospital brasileiro, de 1 de abril de 2017 a 31 de março de 2018. Os critérios de elegibilidade do REBOA foram: origem abdominal e/ou pélvica, choque hemorrágico e acima de 18 anos de idade. Os critérios de exclusão foram: acima de 70 anos e doença terminal pré-existente ou comorbidades significativas. Resultados: No período, foram solicitadas 90 avaliações. Em 14 ocasiões (15,6%) havia indicação para o uso do REBOA. Os casos em que isso foi possível foram devidos a causas ginecológicas/obstétricas em 11 casos (78,6%) e cirurgia oncológica eletiva em três casos (21,4%). Conclusões: O REBOA é ainda pouco utilizado em nosso país, mas pode ser uma ferramenta de extrema importância, e talvez o último recurso em pacientes extremamente graves, até que o tratamento definitivo, cirúrgico, endovascular ou endoscópico seja efetuado.

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the potential use of REBOA in a Brazilian hospital. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all requests for emergency surgical evaluation for patients with suspected massive hemorrhage, hospitalized in a private Brazilian general hospital, from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Inclusion criteria for REBOA eligibility were: suspected abdominal and/or pelvic bleeding, hemorrhagic shock and older than 18 years of age. Exclusion criteria were: older than 70 years of age, and pre-existing terminal disease or significant comorbidities. Results: 90 evaluations were requested during the study period. However, according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, only on 14 occasions (15.6%) there was a recommendation for the use of REBOA. Gynecological/obstetric conditions were the indication in 11 cases (78.6%) and elective oncologic surgery in three cases (21.4%). Conclusions: The use of REBOA is not common in our country, but it can be an essential tool, and perhaps the last resource in extremely severe conditions until the definitive surgical, endovascular or endoscopic treatment is performed.

Indicações e resultados para o uso expandido da oclusão ressuscitativa por balão endovascular da aorta - REBOA / Expanding indications and results for the use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta - REBOA

RESUMO A oclusão ressuscitativa por balão endovascular da aorta (REBOA) é utilizada para controlar hemorragias não compressíveis do tronco como uma opção menos invasiva e com menos distúrbios fisiológicos quando comparado à toracotomia de emergência com clampeamento da aorta. Isso permite a melhora dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos até que a cirurgia definitiva seja realizada. É utilizada no trauma como uma medida para prevenir o colapso hemodinâmico em pacientes que estão em choque hemorrágico grave, mantendo a perfusão do cérebro e do coração enquanto diminui o sangramento distal até que o controle da hemorragia possa ser realizado. As principais complicações relatadas são insuficiência renal aguda, amputações de membros inferiores e óbitos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a expansão do uso do REBOA em situações não traumáticas de outras áreas da medicina, assim como, avaliar os resultados obtidos até o momento. Uma pesquisa online do PubMed, Medline e SciELO foi realizada com o termo "REBOA" nos últimos cinco anos, e os artigos incluídos foram os 14 que descrevem especificamente o uso do REBOA para condições não traumáticas. Os resultados sugerem que o uso do REBOA levou a um melhor controle do sangramento e aumento da pressão arterial, reduzindo a necessidade de transfusão de sangue e permitindo que os pacientes sobrevivam ao tratamento definitivo das lesões. Concluindo, o uso expandido do REBOA para emergências não traumáticas parece ser eficaz, mas estudos prospectivos e protocolos bem estabelecidos devem ser desenvolvidos para maximizar os resultados.

ABSTRACT Currently, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is used in trauma surgery for controlling non-compressible torso hemorrhages, as a less invasive option and with fewer physiologic disturbances compared with an invasive emergent thoracotomy for aortic cross-clamping. This can allow improvements in hemodynamic parameters until definitive surgery is performed. REBOA is also used in trauma to prevent hemodynamic collapse in patients who are in severe hemorrhagic shock, as a method to maintain perfusion of the brain and heart while decreasing distal bleeding until hemorrhage control can take place. The major complications reported are acute kidney injury, lower leg amputations, and even death. As experience with REBOA in emergency surgery grows, new indications have been described in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the expansion of the use of REBOA in other areas of medicine, as well as evaluating the current published series. We performed an online search of PubMed, Medline and SciELO with the term "REBOA" in the last five years, and the articles included were the 14 specifically describing the use of REBOA for non-traumatic conditions. The results suggest that the use of REBOA led to improved bleeding control and increased arterial pressure, reducing blood transfusion requirements and allowing patients to survive to definitive treatment of injuries. In conclusion, the expanded use of REBOA for non-traumatic emergencies appears to be effective. However, prospective studies and well-established protocols for specific indications should be developed to maximize patient outcomes.

Intervening in the acute phase of postradiation carotid blowout syndrome

Introduction: Acute carotid blowout syndrome (aCBS) is a severe complication of head and neck cancer (HNC). It can be defined as a rupture of the extracranial carotid arteries, or one of their branches, that causes life-threatening hemorrhage, and which nowadays can be treated with urgent endovascular intervention. Objective: We retrospectively evaluate the endovascular management of aCBS and its outcome in years of survival. Methods: Retrospectively, we describe our experience with endovascular control of aCBS in patients treated for HNC. We review the characteristics, pathology, endovascular treatment and morbidity and assess the gain in life years. Results: Nine individuals were included in this study. Four patients had been previously diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one with paranasal SCC, one with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and three with oral or maxillary adenocarcinoma. All subjects underwent radiotherapy and surgical excision to different extents. Twelve endovascular procedures were performed for injuries to the internal carotid artery (n = 3; 25%), external carotid artery (n = 1; 7%) or one of their branches (n = 8; 67%). Deconstructive methods were used in nine procedures, and three procedures were mainly reconstructive with deployment of covered stents. Total control of bleeding was achieved in all individuals with no intraprocedural complications. Conclusion: Endovascular therapy is an effective alternative for the management of exsanguinating CBS. In our series, this palliative therapy increased the overall patient survival by an estimated 9 months (AU)

Can the combination of internal iliac temporary occlusion and uterine artery embolization reduce bleeding and the need for intraoperative blood transfusion in cases of invasive placentation?

OBJECTIVES: Women with invasive placentation (IP) are at high risk of life-threatening hemorrhage. In the last two decades, less invasive surgical approaches combined with endovascular procedures have proven to be safe. Most case series describe the use of temporary balloon occlusion and embolization, either combined or not. Concerning hemorrhage rates, each separate interventional approach performs better than surgery alone does, yet it is not clear whether the combination of multiple interventional techniques can be beneficial and promote a lower incidence of intrapartum bleeding. We aim to evaluate whether combining temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac artery and uterine artery embolization promotes better hemorrhage control than do other individual interventional approaches reported in the scientific literature in the context of cesarean birth followed by hysterectomy in patients with IP. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with confirmed IP who underwent temporary balloon occlusion and embolization of the internal iliac arteries followed by puerperal hysterectomy. We compared patient results to data extracted from a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature that focused on interventional procedures in patients with IP. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients underwent the procedure during the study period in our institution. The mean volume of packed red blood cells and the estimated blood loss were 487.9 mL and 1193 mL, respectively. Four patients experienced complications that were attributed to the endovascular procedure. CONCLUSION: The combination of temporary balloon occlusion and uterine artery embolization does not seem to promote better hemorrhage control than each procedure performed individually does.

Influence of Local Myocardial Infarction on Endothelial Function, Neointimal Progression, and Inflammation in Target and Non-Target Vascular Territories in a Porcine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND: Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have worse clinical outcomes than those with stable coronary artery disease despite revascularization. Non-culprit lesions of AMI also involve more adverse cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the influence of AMI on endothelial function, neointimal progression, and inflammation in target and non-target vessels. METHODS: In castrated male pigs, AMI was induced by balloon occlusion and reperfusion into the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Everolimus-eluting stents (EES) were implanted in the LAD and left circumflex (LCX) artery 2 days after AMI induction. In the control group, EES were implanted in the LAD and LCX in a similar fashion without AMI induction. Endothelial function was assessed using acetylcholine infusion before enrollment, after the AMI or sham operation, and at 1 month follow-up. A histological examination was conducted 1 month after stenting. RESULTS: A total of 10 pigs implanted with 20 EES in the LAD and LCX were included. Significant paradoxical vasoconstriction was assessed after acetylcholine challenge in the AMI group compared with the control group. In the histologic analysis, the AMI group showed a larger neointimal area and larger area of stenosis than the control group after EES implantation. Peri-strut inflammation and fibrin formation were significant in the AMI group without differences in injury score. The non-target vessel of the AMI also showed similar findings to the target vessel compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: In the pig model, AMI events induced endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and neointimal progression in the target and non-target vessels.

Successful Treatment of a Superficial Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm with Balloon Tamponade

The development of post-catheterization arterial pseudoaneurysms is one of the most common vascular access complications following angiographies and endovascular interventions. Different therapeutic options to treat these lesions have been used. We herein report the case of a 79-year-old woman who was referred to our service for evaluation with a post-catheterization superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm measuring 4 cm. Owing to the anatomical location of the arterial pseudoaneurysm and the patient’s refusal to undergo open surgery, we treated the lesion using an endovascular approach with a balloon tamponade. The procedure was successful, and the patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital without complications. At 6-month follow-up she remained symptom-free and without recurrence.

Prophylactic balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries in two-cases of placenta accrete syndromes / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

@#Placenta accreta syndrome results from the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium due to the absence of the decidua basalis and imperfect development of the Nitabuch layer. It causes serious obstetric morbidity due to the risk of massive hemorrhage. Balloon occlusion of internal iliac arteries has been used prophylactically to decrease hemorrhage in cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta. In this paper, two cases of placenta accreta syndromes wherein bilateral internal iliac artery balloon occlusion was done prior to cesarean hysterectomy are presented. Case 1 is a 50-year-old G4P0 (0030) pregnancy uterine who came in at 33 3/7 weeks age of gestation for fetal surveillance. Case 2 is a 38-year-old G4P2 (2012) pregnancy uterine who came in at 33 4/7 weeks age of gestation for decreased fetal movement. Both cases were successfully delivered via cesarean hysterectomy with prophylactic balloon occlusion under a multidisciplinary team in a tertiary care center.

Endoscopic Removal of Inflated Transected Sengstaken–Blakemore Tube Using Endoscopic Scissors

Balloon tamponade using Sengstaken–Blakemore (SB) tube is employed as a bridging therapy in cases in which endoscopic therapy fails to control esophageal variceal bleeding. Although SB tube insertion can lead to successful hemostasis, it is accompanied by numerous complications, with SB tube transection being one of the rarest complications. A 53-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma presented with massive esophageal variceal bleeding. Therapeutic endoscopic variceal ligation failed, and SB tube was inserted. The SB tube was unexpectedly disconnected because of the patient's irritability due to hepatic encephalopathy. The esophageal and gastric balloon of the SB tube remained inflated in the stomach. Whereas the use of other endoscopic instruments was ineffective, endoscopic removal was successfully accomplished using endoscopic scissors. In conclusion, we detected SB tube transection in a patient with hepatic encephalopathy and removed remnants of the inflated tube using endoscopic scissors.

Endoscopic treatment or balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration is safe for patients with esophageal/gastric varices in Child-Pugh class C end-stage liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is a controversy about the availability of invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices in patients with Child-Pugh class C (CP-C) end-stage liver cirrhosis (LC). We have evaluated the validity of invasive treatment with CP-C end-stage LC patients. METHODS: The study enrolled 51 patients with CP-C end-stage LC who had undergone invasive treatment. The treatment modalities included endoscopic variceal ligation in 22 patients, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in 17 patients, and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in 12 patients. We have investigated the overall survival (OS) rates and risk factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment. RESULTS: The OS rate in all patients at one, three, and five years was 72.6%, 30.2%, and 15.1%, respectively. The OS rate in patients who received endoscopic treatment and the BRTO group at one, three, and five years was 67.6%, 28.2% and 14.1% and 90.0%, 36.0% and 18.0%, respectively. The average of Child-Pugh scores (CPS) from before treatment to one month after variceal treatment significantly improved from 10.53 to 10.02 (P=0.003). Three significant factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment included the presence of bleeding varices, high CPS (≥11), and high serum total bilirubin levels (≥4.0 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that patients with a CPS of up to 10 and less than 4.0 mg/dL of serum total bilirubin levels may not have a negative impact on prognosis after invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices despite their CP-C end-stage LC.

Balón de reanimación endovascular de aorta para pacientes en riesgo o en choque hemorrágico: experiencia en un centro de trauma de Latinoamérica / Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in patients in danger of hemorrhagic shock: experience in a Latin American trauma center

Introducción. La maniobra de reanimación mediante el denominado "balón de reanimación endovascular de aorta"(Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta, REBOA), es un procedimiento para obtener el control proximal de la hemorragia. Nuestra hipótesis es que puede usarse como una maniobra emergente para el manejo del choque hemorrágico y como una intervención para prevenir la aparición de hemorragia masiva en los pacientes en riesgo. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron los datos de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes entre el 2014 y 2018 en un centro de trauma de nivel I del suroccidente colombiano. Los datos se presentaron, de acuerdo con su distribución de normalidad, en medias y desviaciones estándar o medianas y rangos intercuartílicos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 70 pacientes, 27 considerados en riesgo de choque hemorrágico (mujeres embarazadas con placentación anormal) y 43 con choque hemorrágico (pacientes de trauma sometidos a cirugía y oclusión aórtica con balón). En el primer grupo, ningún paciente requirió transfusión masiva y no se reportaron muertes. En el último, hubo aumento significativo de la presión arterial sistémica después del procedimiento de 50,1 ± 22,5 a 107 mm Hg (rango: 87-129) y la mortalidad fue del 30,2 %. Conclusión. Esta muestra de pacientes sometidos a reanimación mediante oclusión aórtica con REBOA es la más grande reportada hasta ahora en Latinoamérica. Esta es una herramienta eficaz para el manejo de pacientes en choque hemorrágico o en riesgo de uno

Introduction: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) is a procedure that involves placement of an endovascular balloon in the aorta to obtain proximal control of hemorrhage. We hypothesize that the REBOA can be used as an emergent maneuver for the management of patients with hemorrhagic shock and as a prophylactic intervention to prevent the appearance of massive hemorrhage in populations at risk. Methods: Data were collected from a prospective cohort of patients in the period between 2014 and 2018, at a level I trauma center in Southwestern Colombia. The data was presented according to their distribution of normality, in means and standard deviations or medians and interquartile ranges. Results: Seventy patients were included, 27 considered at risk of hemorrhagic shock (pregnant women with abnormal placentation) and 43 with hemorrhagic shock (trauma patients undergoing surgery and REBOA). In the first group, no patient required massive transfusion and no deaths were reported. In the latter, there was a significant increase in blood pressure [SBP pre-REBOA: 50.1 ± 22.5, post-REBOA SBP: 107 (87-129)] and mortality was 30.2%. Conclusion: Our experience in the use of REBOA is the largest reported in Latin America. This is an effective tool for the management of patients at or at risk of hemorrhagic shock

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA): an updated review / Oclusão ressuscitativa por meio de balão endovascular da aorta (REBOA): revisão atualizada

ABSTRACT In a current scenario where trauma injury and its consequences account for 9% of the worlds causes of death, the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage can be problematic. With the improvement of medicine, the approach of these patients must be accurate and immediate so that the consequences may be minimal. Therefore, aiming the ideal method, studies have led to the development of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA). This procedure has been used at select trauma centers as a resuscitative adjunct for trauma patients with non-compressible torso hemorrhage. Although the use of this technique is increasing, its effectiveness is still not clear. This article aims, through a detailed review, to inform an updated view about this procedure, its technique, variations, benefits, limitations and future.

RESUMO Em um cenário atual onde a lesão traumática e suas consequências representam 9% das causas de morte no mundo, o manejo da hemorragia não compressível do tronco pode ser problemático. Com a melhoria da medicina, a abordagem desses pacientes deve ser precisa e imediata, para que as consequências possam ser mínimas. Portanto, visando o método ideal de manejo, estudos levaram ao desenvolvimento da técnica de oclusão ressuscitativa por balão endovascular da aorta (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta - REBOA). Este procedimento foi utilizado em centros de trauma selecionados como um complemento durante a reanimação para pacientes vítimas de trauma com hemorragia não compressível do tronco. Embora o uso dessa técnica esteja aumentando, sua eficácia ainda não é clara. Este artigo objetiva, por meio de uma revisão detalhada, trazer uma visão atualizada sobre este procedimento, sua técnica, variações, benefícios, limitações e futuro.

Patient Blood Management: Obstetrician, Gynecologist's Perspectives / 한양의대학술지

Obstetricians and gynecologists frequently deal with hemorrhage so they should be familiar with management of patient blood management (PBM). We will review to summarize the alternative measures and interventions used in bloodless surgery in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. In the obstetric field, PBM has been developed as an evolving evidence-based approach with a number of key goals: (i) to identify, evaluate, and manage anemia; (ii) reduce iatrogenic blood loss; (iii) optimize hemostasis; and (iv) establish decision thresholds for transfusion. Transfusion, mechanical method including balloon tamponade and uterine artery embolization, and intraoperative cell salvage were introduced for PBM. In the gynecologic field, PBM is not significantly different from that in the obstetric field. Preoperative managements include iron supplement, erythropoietin administration, autologous blood donation, and uterine artery embolization. Meticulous hemostasis, short operative time, hypotensive anesthetic techniques, hemodilution during operation, blood salvage and pharmacological agents were introduced to intraoperative management. Postoperative measures include meticulous postoperative monitoring of the patient, early detection of blood loss, reduction of blood sampling, appropriate use of hemopoiesis, normalization of cardio-pulmonary function and minimization of oxygen consumption. In conclusion, each obstetrician and gynecologist should be aware about the appropriate method for blood conservation and use in practice. A comprehensive approach to coordinating all members of the bloodless agent and surgical team is essential.